Type-writing machine.



No. 686,486. "Patented Nov. 12, l90l.

B. C. STICKNEY. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Appliation filed Nov. 13, 1900.)

5 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

WITNESSES No. 686,486. Patented Nov. I2, mm.

B. C. STICKNEY. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

, (Application filed Nov. 13, 1900.) (No Model.)

5 SI1eatsSheeI 3.

WI TNESSES .wfz/gw @222 a N, u. c. we NORRIS virus 00.. PHDTO-LXTMO.wuulN TO Patent'ed Nov. I2, 1901.

B. C. STICKNEY. TYPE vWRITING MACHINE.

.(Application filed N'ov. 1a. 1900.

5 Sheets$heet 4.

(No Model.)

WITNESSES .c. m: norms PETERS 50., PHOTO-L|THD-, WASHINGTON. n

Patented Nov. l2, l90l.

B. c. STIC KNEY; TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

I (Application filed Nov. 13, 1900.) i (No Model.)- 5 Sheets-Sheel 5.

INVENTEIR 04% 4% fim /az i WITNEEEES NI'TED STATES I PATENT OFFICE.

BURNHAM O. STICKNEY, OF ELIZABETH, NEYV JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE UNIONTYPEWRITER COMPANY, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A COR- lORATION OF NEWJERSEY.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 686,486, dated November12, 1901.

Application filed November 13, 1900. Serial No. 86,324. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BURNHAM O. STICKNEY, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Elizabeth, county of Union, and State of New Jersey,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-WritingMachines, of which the'following is aspecification.

This application relates to the type-actions [O of writing-machines. Thespeed with which a type-bar returns from the platen to normal positionis usually so great that upon striking its rest or basket the type-barrebounds, and hence is liable to collide with the next-open atedtype-bar. This liability is present especially in visible-writing orfront-strike machines, in which owing to lack of room it is the practiceto place the type-bars in such close arrangement that adjoiningtypesnearly touch and hence frequently collide when high speed of operationis attempted. One of the main objects of my invention is to prevent thisrebounding of the types from the basket.

Another object of the invention is to cushion the key-touch by means ofa novel construction, the cushioning eifect being produced at both thebeginning and the end of the key-stroke and the construction being alsosuch that the type is caused to deliver a powerful blow upon the platen.At the same time I provide for the rapid recession'of the typefrom thevicinity of the printing-point, so as to leave a clear path for the typenext operated. Other objects will more fully hereinafter appear.

My invention consists in certain combinations of devices, featuresof-construction, and arrangements of parts,all as will be more fullyhereinafter set forth, and particularly pointed 40 out in the appendedclaims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l'is a central longitudinalvertical section of a front-strike writing-machine embodying my presentimprovements. Fig. 2 is ahorizontal section or plan taken at about theline X X of Fig. 1. Fig. Sis a front sectional elevation taken at aboutthe line Y Y of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a skeleton view showing the extreme1eft-hand type-bar in printing position and its connected parts incorresponding positions. Fig. 5 is a skeleton elevation of thetype-action shown at Fig. 1, the finger-key being shown midway of itsstroke.

V r In the several views certain parts are omit ted and others brokenaway, so as to clearly exhibit the invention, and similar parts aredesignated by similar numerals of reference. The base, of the usualpattern, is designated as l and supports corner-posts 2, upon which issecured a top plate 3, having a forward opening at 4: for the passage ofthe type-bars. The latter (designated as 5) are disposed radially in acurve about a common printingcenter, the forward ends of the bars beingprovided with types and the rear ends being pivoted upon a curvedfulcrum-wire 6, which is seated in a curved slot 7, provided in asegment 8, the latter being provided with radial slots 9 for thereception of the hubs of the type-bars and being secured by screws 10 tolugs 11, depending from the top plate 3. Near their free ends the bars'5are bent to enable the types to stand vertically when at theprinting-center, Fig. 3, and the slots 9 in the segment preferablyradiate to this bendingpoint, which is indicated at 12. The forwardportions of these horizontally-arranged bars or levers normally restupon a pad or basket 13, which may be supported upon a standard 14,rising from across-bar 15, cast integrally with the base.

Upon each type-bar hub is cut or provided a set of gear-teeth 16, whichmesh with internal gear-teeth 17, provided upon the upper portion of anupright operating-lever 18 of the first order,'the latter beingdetachably pivoted between its ends upon a curved fulcrum-Wire 19. Thelever 18 works in a vertical plane and extends from its pivot upwardly asubstantially horizontal direction, the teeth 17 being formed upon theforwardly-extending portion or arm, which is designated as 20. Aswill beseen at Fig. 3, the-body portions of the levers 18 are substantiallyparallel and 5 vertical, while each tooth-bearing projection 20 isarranged in substantial parallelism with its type-bar and so that it mayplay freelyin the slot 9, in which the type bar hub is confined.

in rear of the type-bar and then forwardly in In order to secure saidparallelism, 10o

the levers 18 are bent inwardly above their pivots and preferably neartheir tips, as at 21, Figs. 3 and 4. Said levers are confined invertical slots 22, cut in the forward side of a transversely-extendingsegment 23 of large radius, each of whose ends is provided with a leg24, which is fastened by a screw 25 upon the top of a side wall of thebase. The fulcrum-wire 19 is seated in a curved slot 20, formed in saidsegment, and each lever 18 is provided with a suitable downwardly andrearwardly extending slot or opening 26, whereby it may be readilyremoved from or placed upon the wire and may swing freely thereon. Thearm or portion of the lever 18 which extends below the fulcrum isdesignated as 27. These arms are parallel and terminate in substantiallythe same horizontal plane, while the upper ends of the levers 18terminate ina curve concentric with the typebar segment. The levers arehence of different or assorted lengths, and the fulcrum-wire 19 iscurved accordingly, so as to secure a substantially uniform leverage orpurchase of the lower ends of all the levers upon the type-bars.

Each lever-arm 27 is connected by a forwardly-extending horizontal linkor pull-rod 28 to an car 29, which extends upwardly from a detachablehorizontal key-lever 30 of the second order, which bears a key 31 at itsforward end and is notched at its rear end to fork an overlyinghorizontal transverse fulcrum rod or bar 32, which is mounted at 33 inthe side walls of the base. It will be noted that the links are arrangedsubstantially at right angles to the type-operating arms or levers 27and substantially parallel with the key-levers, the latter beingarranged below the type-bars and the sublevers 18 and preferablyextending in parallelism forwardly from the fulcrum-rod 32 to a linejust forward of the cars 29, whence they fan out to the keyboard, Fig.2. It will be understood that the movement of the key-levers isvertical, and hence that they move in parallel planes and angularly tothe planes of vibration of the type-bars 5.

A diagonal draw-spring 34 holds up the key-leveratits rear end againstthe fulcrumrod 32 and at its forward end against a rest 35, the latterbeing supported by one or more hangers 36, which depend from thecross-bar 15. Said spring extends upwardly and forwardly from thekey-lever and hooks into the arm 27 at a point below the fulcrum 19 ofthe latter, whereby said arm is held down securely upon the fulcrum.

A universal bar 37, extending transversely beneath the'key-levers, isconnected by links 38 to arms 39, which extend forwardly from ahorizontal transverse rock-shaft 40, upon which is mounted an uprightarm 41, having at its upper end both a detent-dog 42 and a pivoted dog43. Normally in engagement with the latter is a rack 44, secured upon acarriage 45, the latter sliding upon suitable rails 46. A platen 47 maybe supported in any desired manner upon the carriage and should be madevertically shiftable, as indicated by dotted lines at Fig. 1, so thateither the lower-case or capital types upon the typebars may print.

In operation the finger-key 31 is depressed, swinging the key-lever 3Odownwardly about the fulcrum 32. The forward end of the link 28 is swungdown by the key-lever to a diagonal position, drawing the arm 27 forwardand vibrating the entire lever 18 upon the fulcrum 19, whereby throughthe described gearing 1'6 17 the type-bar is swung up to theprinting-point. carried down by the key-lever 30, and through the links38 and arms 39 the dog-rocker is swung forwardly, so that the detent 42becomes engaged with the rack. Upon release of the key the spring 34,which was distended during the downward movement of the lever, draws thelatter upwardly and the arm 27 rearwardly, whereby the type-action isrestored to normal position, its return movement being assisted by aspring 48, which is usually provided for returning thedog-rocker tonormal position. The return movement of the dog-rocker permits theadvance movement of the paper-carriage one step in the usual mannerunder the tension of the usual propelling-spring 49, connected by astrap 50 to the carriage.

It will be observed that the pivotal points of attachment of the link tothe upper end of the key-lever ear 29 and the lower end of the arm 27(said points being designated as 51 and 52, respectively,) standsubstantially in line with the key-lever fulcrum 32. It will also beunderstood that the initial movement of the point 52 about the axis 19,which is vertically over said point, must be in a substantiallyhorizontal direction-that is, in a direction lengthwise of the key-lever30. From these features of construction it will be perceived that whenthe parts are in normal position the key-lever cannot be moved at all bythe sublever 18, since any attempt to swing the latter upon its pivotwould only cause the key-lever to press in the direction of its lengthagainst the fulcrum-rod 32, but would have no tendency to swing thekey-lever about said rod. In other words, the arrangement is such thatthese parts are normally at deadcenter, and hence movement cannot becommunicated from either the type-bar 5 or the sublever 18 to thekey-lever 30. Thus the key-lever and the link cooperate to form apositive lock for detaining both the sublever and the type-bar in normalposition, so that when the type-bar upon its downward movement strikesthe basket it cannot rebound therefrom, and hence liability of collisionwith a subsequently-operated type-bar is prevented.

It will be seen that this improvement enables type-bar machines,especially those of the visible-writing patterns, in which the Theuniversal bar 37 is also I IIO types are closely set, to be operated atmuch higher speed than heretofore. It will be f u'rther understood thatin its downward movement the point 51 upon the link at first travels ina path (determined by the pivot 32) which would nearly coincide with anare drawn from the point 52 as a center and through the said point 51.In other Words, the path in which the point 51 does travel diverges atfirst very gradually from the arc in which said point 51 would travel ifthe forward end-of the link were detached from the key-lever and swungdownwardly about the stationary point 52. Owing to this slightdivergence or difference between the path in which the link would swingif the sublever 18 were stationary and the path which it actually doestake about the axis 32 only a slight forward movement of the arm 27 andupward movement of the type-bar 5 take place during the early part ofthe key-lever stroke. The type-bar is started very gradually, and hencethe jar commonly experienced ingiving a type-key a sharp blow isavoided, or, in other Words, a cushioning effect is given to thekey-touch. At Fig. 5 is shown the position of the parts when the key ishalf-way down. It will be seen that the type-bar has been putrin motionso gradually that it has traveled only about one-fourth of the distancefrom the basket to the platen.

Owing to the constantly-decreasing leverage or purchase of the key-lever30 upon the sublever 18, which is due to the constantlychangingdirection in which the pull is exerted through the link 28 as it'swingsrapidly downward about its point of connection with the lower portion 27of said sublever, the speed of the type-bar increases throughout itsstroke, the last three-fourths of which are completed during the lasthalf of the keystroke. Because of this constantly-decreasing leverageand constantly-increasing typebar speed the resistance of the key to thefinger of the operator constantly increases, so that the momentum of theoperators hand is substantially absorbed before the key is arrested bycontact of the type with the platen, and hence a shock is not felt bythe operator when the type prints, as in some machines. Thus thekey-stroke is cushioned both at its beginning and termination and at thesame time the very rapid movement of the type at the completion of thestroke insures the delivery of a powerful blow upon the paper.

It will be further perceived that during the first half of the returnstroke of the key the type completes three -fourths of its returnmovement, so'that the movement of the type away from the printing-pointis very rapid, which is a feature of importance, since the liablity ofthe types colliding near the printing-point is practically eliminated.

It will be observed that the links extend lengthwise of the key-levers30 and that the movement of the forward end of a link is in a directioncrosswise of the movement of the rear end thereof. crosswise (preferablyat right angles) to the direction in which the type-operating levers 27extend, and the link in each case exerts a diagonal pull during thedescent of the keylever and a diagonal thrust during the return stroke,owing to the operation of the springs 34 and 48. Thus a verticalmovement of the key-lever causes a horizontal movement of said lever 27.

As will be understood by reference to Fig. 4, the spring 34 rendersmaterial aid in starting the type-bar back to normal position, owing tothe engagement of the upper end of said spring with the arm 27. At thismoment the leverage of the key-lever upon the type bar is least, andhence it is desirable to provide spring-power for returning the type-barwhich shall be in addition to or which shall operate independently ofthe power which returns the key--lever. Of course, if desired, separatesprings could be used for the keylever and the sublever to accomplishthe same object; but I prefer to use a single spring for both purposes,as illustrated, on account of its simplicity and cheapness.

It is the practice to prevent rebounding of the type-bars byspring-pressure; but so much 'power is required for this purpose as tocause 'great resistance to the touch upon the fingerkeys, which ofcourse must overcome the pressure that holds the type-bars in place inthe basket. The herein-set-forth type-barlocking mechanism, however,enables the adoption of Very light returning-springs for the typeactions, thereby materially improving the touch and lightening thefatigue of operation.

Within the scope of the invention many changes may be made in thedetails of construction and arrangement and my improvements may beapplied as. well to top-strike and under-strike machines. It is notessential that the three points 51, 52, and 32 be exactly in line orthat the link 28 be disposed exactly at right angles to the arm 27, asthe relative positions may be varied somewhat Without sacrificing thetype-bar-locking feature. If it is desired to make the stroke of any keydeeper, the arm 27 may be lengthened and the ear 29 correspondinglyshortened. Parts of the invention may be used without others.

Although I prefer to employ the links 28 for the twofold purpose oflocking the type-bars and cushioning the key-strokes, still it will beperceived that in certain novel combinations,.as recited in the claims,said links may be adapted for the single purpose of locking The keylevers extend the type-bars or,for the single purpose of I planes ofvibration of the type-bars, connections extending from the key-levers tothe type-bars and means for enabling the key-levers to lock thetype-bars in normal position.

2. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of keylevers of the second order, and means connected to thekey-levers for locking the typebars in normal position.

3. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series ofbars bearing types at their forward ends, a series of levers providedwith keys and extending rearwardly beneath the type-bars and fulcrumedat their rear ends, and means controlled by said levers for lockin g thetype-bars in normal position.

4. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of fingerkeys, and means, including a series of links betweenthe keys and the type-bars, for looking the latter in normal position.

5. In atype-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, aseries of key-operated levers, and a series of intervening links whichlock the type-bars in normal position.

6. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of levers provided with finger-keys,and a series of linkspivoted to said levers and extending in the same general direction assaid levers, said links being operatively connected to said typebars andcooperating With said levers to lock the type-bars in normal position.

7. In a front-strike type-writing machine, the combination of a seriesof pivoted bars having types at their forward ends, a series ofkey-levers arranged below the type-bars, a series of upwardly-extendingsublevers pivoted between their ends and having at their upper endsgear-teeth in mesh with teeth provided upon the type-bar hubs, and meanscontrolled by said key-levers for locking said sublevers and type-barsin normal position.

8. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of levers provided with finger-keys, a series of subleversconnected to said type-bars, and a series of links connecting saidsublevers to said keylevers in such a manner as to look said subleversand type-bars in normal position.

9. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of levers provided with finger-keys, a series of subleversconnected to said type-bars, and a series of links connecting saidkey-levers to said sublevers, said links extending in the generaldirection of the key-levers and substantially at right angles to thesublevers.

10. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a pivotedtype-operatin g lever, a pivotally-attached link extending substantiallyat right angles therefrom, and a pivoted keyoperated lever to which theextended end of said link is pivotally attached, the construction andarrangement being such that the pivot of said key-lever and the pointsof attachment of said link lie substantially in line.

11. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of substantially horizontal levers provided with finger-keys, aseries of substantially vertical sublevers operatively connected to saidtypebars, and a series of substantially horizontal links connecting saidkey-levers to said sublevers.

12. In a type-Writing machine, the combination of a series of pivotedtype-operating levers, a series of pivotally-attached links extendingsubstantially at right angles from said type-operatinglevers, and aseries of keyoperated levers extending substantially parallel with saidlinks and pivotally attached thereto.

13. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series oftype-bars, a series of key-levers, a series of upwardly-extendingsublevers operatively connected to the typebars, and aseries of linksconnecting the keylevers to the sublevers and operating to look saidsublevers and said type-bars in normal position.

14:. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series oftype-bars, a series of keylevers, a series of sublevers havinggear-teeth in mesh with teeth provided upon the typebars, and a seriesof links connecting the keylevers to the sublevers and operating to lockthe sublevers and type-bars in normal position.

15. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series ofpivoted bars having types at their forward ends, a series of key-leversbelow the type-bars, a series of upwardly-extending sublevers pivotedbetween their ends and having at their upper ends gear-teeth in meshwith teeth provided upon the type-bar hubs, and a series of linksconnecting said sublevers to said key-levers and operating to lock saidsublevers and said ype-bars in normal position.

16. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series oftype-bars, a series of substantially horizontal key-levers, a series ofupwardly-extending sublevers operatively connected to the type-bars, anda series of substantially horizontal links connecting the key-levers tothe sublevers.

17. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series ofpivoted bars having types at their forward ends, a series ofsubstantially horizontal levers below the typebars, a series ofupwardly-extending sublevers pivoted between their ends and having attheir upper ends gear-teeth in mesh with teeth provided upon thetype-bar hubs, and a series of horizontal links connecting the lowerends of said sublevers to said key-levers.

18. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series oftype-bars, a series of substantially horizontal key-levers, a series ofsublevers pivoted between their ends and extending upwardly in rear ofthe typebars and having forwardly-projecting portions which are providedwith internal gearteeth which mesh with teeth provided upon the type-barhubs, a series of forwardly-extending substantially horizontal linkspivoted at their rear ends to said sublevers, and a series ofupwardly-extending ears provided upon said key-levers and pivotallyattached to the forward ends of said links.

19. Ina front-strike writing-machine, the combination of type-bars 5having toothed hubs 16, key-levers 30 having ears 29 and pivoted attheir rear ends, links 28 substantially parallel with levers 30, andsublevers 18 having toothed projections 20.

20. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a system oftype-operating levers, a system of key-operated levers, and a system oflinks directly connecting the two systems of levers, said linksextending lengthwise of the said key-operated levers, so that when thekey-levers are operated the links are swung rapidly about their pointsof connection to said type-operating levers, and theconstruct-ionandarrangementbeing such that owing to said swingingmovement of the links the leverage or purchase of the keys upon the typeoperating levers is substantially decreased during the strokes of thekeys.

21. In a type*writing machine, the combi nation of a series oftype-bars, a series of keyoperated levers, a series of sublevers, and aseries of links directly connecting the keylevers to the sublevers, theconstruction and arrangement being such that said links are swung duringthe key-strokes so as to sub stantially decrease the leverage of thekeys upon the type-bars.

22. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of substantially horizontal key-levers, a series of upwardlyextending sublevers operatively connected to the type-bars, and meansfor connecting said sublevers to said key-levers in such a manner thatthe leverage of the keylevers upon the sublevers is substantiallydiminished during the key-strokes.

23. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series'of substantially horizontal key-levers, a series ofupwardly-extending sublevers, and a series of links directly connectingsaid key-levers to said sublevers in such a manner that the leverage ofthe key-levers upon the sublevers is substantially diminished during thekeystrokes. A

24. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a set of type-operatinglevers, a set of key-operated levers, and a set of links directlyconnecting the two sets of lovers, the construction and arrangementbeing such that throughout thekey-stroke the movement of one end of thelink is in a direction crosswise of the movement of the other end of thelink, and the leverage of the key upon the type-bar constantlyandsubstantially decreases.

25. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-bars and a series of keys of means controlled by the keys for bothlocking the type-bars in normal position and constantly decreasing theleverage of the keys upon the type -bars during the keystrokes.

26. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series ofradially-arranged type bars,a series of key-levers constructed to movein substantially parallel planes and angularly to the planes ofvibration of the type-bars, and connections extending from thekey-levers to the type-bars and constructed to both look thelatterinnormal position and decrease the leverage of the keys upon the typesduring the key-strokes.

2'7. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series oftype-bars, a series of key-operated levers, and a series of interveninglinks which both look the type-bars in normal position and decrease theleverage of the keys upon the type-bars during the keystrokes.

28. In a front-strike writing-machine, th combination of a' series ofpivoted bars having types at their forward ends, a series of key-leversarranged below the type-bars, a series of upwardly-extending sublevershaving at their upper ends gear-teeth in mesh with teeth provided uponthe type-bar hubs, and means controlled by said key-levers for bothlocking said sublevers and type-bars in normal position and decreasingthe leverage of the key-levers upon the sublevers and type-bars duringthe key-strokes.

29. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of levers provided with finger-keys, a series of subleversconnected to said type-bars, and a series of links connecting saidsublevers to said key-levers in such a manner as both to look saidsublevers and said type-bars in normal position and to decrease theleverage of said key-levers upon said sublevers and type-bars during thekey-strokes.

30. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of keylevers, a series of sublevers having gearteeth in meshwith teeth provided upon the type-bars, and a series of links connectingthe key-levers to the sublevers and operating both to lock the subleversand type-bars in normal position and to decrease the leverage of thekey-levers upon the sublevers and type-bars during the key-strokes.

31. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series ofpivoted bars having types at their forward ends, a series of key-leversbelow the type-bars, a series of upwardly extending sublevers pivotedbetween their ends and having at their upper ends gear-teeth in meshwith teeth provided upon the type-bar hubs, and a series of linksconnecting said sublevers to said key-levers and operating to lock saidsublevers and said type-bars in normal position and also to decrease theleverage of the key-levers upon the sublevers and type-bars during thekeystrokes.

32'. 'In a type-writing machine, the combination of a set oftype-operating levers, a set of key-operated levers, and a series oflinks directly connecting the two sets of levers, said links extendinglengthwise of said keyoperated levers and crosswise of saidtypeoperating levers in such a manner as to normallyloek the latter, andalso in such a man-- ner that when the key-levers are operated the linksare swung rapidly about their points of connection to saidtype-operating levers, the leverage of the key-levers upon thetype-operating levers being substantially decreased the said linkstransmit movement from said key-levers to said type-operating arms at adecreasing leverage.

34. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of pivotedarms operatively connected to a series of types, a series of keylevers,means controlled by the key-levers for locking said type-operating armsin normal position, and returning-spring mechanism operatingindependently upon said key-levers and said type-operating arms.

35. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a set oftype-operating levers, a set of key-operated levers, a series of linksdirectly connecting the two sets of levers, said links extendingsubstantially lengthwise of the said key-operated levers, so that whenthe key-levers are operated the links are swung rapidly about theirpoints of connection to said type-operating levers, and the constructionand arrangement being such that owing to said swinging movement of thelinks the leverage or purchase of the keys upon the typeoperating leversis substantially decreased during the strokes of the keys, and returning-spring mechanism acting independently upon each of said sets of levers.

36. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-bars and a series of keys of means for both. locking the typebarsin normal position and decreasing the leverage of the keys upon thetype-bars dur ing the key-strokes, and returning-spring mechanism actingindependently upon the type-bars and the keys.

37. In a type-writing machine, the combination of type-bars 5, sublevers18 connected thereto, links 28, key-levers 30, and springs 34 connectingsaid key-levers to said sublevers.

38. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series ofhorizontal typebars, a series of horizontal key-levers arranged belowthe type-bars,-a series of upwardly-extendin g sublevers operativelyconnected at their upper ends to the type-bars, a series of horizontallinks connecting the lower portions of said sublevers to said keylevers,and springs extending diagonally from said sublevers to said key-levers.

39. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of type-bars 5having teeth 16, sublevers 18 having toothed projections 20 and arms 27,links 28, key-levers 30 having cars 29, and diagonal springs 34connecting said key-levers to said arms 27.

40. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of detachable key-levers, a series of detachable subleversoperatively connected to both said type-bars and said key-levers, and aseries of returning-springs extending from said keylevers to saidsublevers, said springs being so constructed and arranged as to holdboth said key-levers and said sublevers upon their bearings.

41. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series oftype-bars, a series of key-levers extending beneath the type-bars anddetachably connected to an overlying fulcrum-bar, a series ofupwardly-extendin g sublevers connected at their upper ends to thetype-bars and at their lower portions to the key-levers and detachablyfulcrumed, and a series of returning-springs extending from saidkey-levers to said sublevers and constructed and arranged to hold bothseries of levers in engagement with their fnlcrums.

42. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of type-bars 5,segment 8, fulcrum-wire 6, teeth 16, levers 18 having projections 20,teeth 17, segment 23, fulcrumwire 19 engaging slots 26 on said levers18, links 28, key-levers 30, forking-rod 32, and springs 34 connectinglevers 18 to levers 30.

43. In a front-strike type-writing machine, the combination of a seriesof substantially horizontal pivoted bars carrying types at their forwardends, a series of key-levers extending rearwardly beneath the type-bars,and a series of upwardly-extending sublevers pivoted directly beneaththe type-bar pivots and connected at their lower ends by links to saidkey-levers and at their upper ends to said type-bars above the hubs ofthe latter.

44. In a front-strike type-Writing machine, the combination of a seriesof bars carrying types at their forward ends, a series of keyleversextending beneath the type-bars, and a series of upwardly-extendinglevers of assorted lengths pivoted at varying heights and connected bylinks to said key-levers.

45. In a front-strike type-writing machine, the combination of a seriesof type-bars, a se- IIO ries of key-levers extending beneath thetypebars and fulcrumed at their rear ends, and a series of npwardly-extendin g sublevers of assorted lengths pivoted between their ends atvarying heights and connected by links to said key-levers.

46. Ina front-strike type-writing machine, the combination of a seriesof type-bars, a series of key-bearing levers extending beneath thetype-bars and fulcrumed at their rear ends, and a series ofupwardly-extendin g sublet'ers of the first order operatively connectedat their upper ends to the type-bars and con nected at their lower endsby diagonally-acting substantially parallel links to said key levers,said key-levers being substantially parallel from their fulcruinsforwardly to a line close to the points of connection of said links, andfanning out from thence to the keyboard, and said sublevers beingsubstantially parallel below their fulcrums.

47. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series oftype-bars, a series of key-levers, and a series of sublevers extendingupwardly in rear of the type-bars and series of key-levers, and a seriesof sublevers extending upwardly in rear of the type-bars and havingforwardly projecting portions which are bent at angles to the bodies ofthe sublevers and so as to play freely in said type- 7 bar slots, saidforwardly-projecting portions being provided with teeth which mesh withteeth provided upon said type-bar hubs.

Signed at Elizabeth, in the'county of Union and State of New Jersey,this 12th day of November, A. D. 1900.

BURNHAM O. STIOKNEY. Witnesses:

' S. R. OGDEN,

JULIA Ross.

